1. When a solute dissolves in a solvent, the solution's boiling point increases and its freezing point decreases compared to the pure solvent. These phenomena are known as:

2. What is the term for a substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process?

3. Which of the following is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance?

4. You are studying a system at equilibrium where the forward and reverse reaction rates are equal, and the concentrations of reactants and products remain constant. If you add more product to the system, which principle predicts how the system will respond to relieve the stress?

5. What law states that the total energy of an isolated system remains constant, though it may change forms?

6. Which of the following laws relates pressure and volume at constant temperature?

7. What is the unit of the rate constant for a second-order reaction?

8. You are observing a phase transition where a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas without passing through a liquid phase. What is this process called?

9. A scientist observes that increasing the temperature of a chemical reaction significantly increases its rate. Which concept primarily explains this observation?

10. What branch of chemistry deals with the relationship between heat and other forms of energy in chemical and physical processes?

11. A chemist is using a technique that involves shining light onto a sample and analyzing how the light is absorbed or emitted at different wavelengths to identify chemical substances. What analytical technique are they using?

12. A physical chemist is studying the transfer of electrons in a redox reaction to generate electrical energy, or using electrical energy to drive a non-spontaneous reaction. What field of physical chemistry are they working in?

13. Which equation relates the rate constant of a chemical reaction to temperature and activation energy?

14. What is the term for the minimum amount of energy required for a chemical reaction to occur?

15. What is the "Gibbs Free Energy" (G) used to determine?

16. A physical chemist is studying the behavior of gases at high temperatures and low pressures, where the gas particles are assumed to have negligible volume and no intermolecular forces. What theoretical model are they applying?