1. Imagine scientists are trying to build the most precise atomic clocks ever. They learn that placing these clocks at different altitudes above Earth affects their ticking rate. What principle of General Relativity best explains this phenomenon?

2. What is the term for the unified theory that describes the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces as different aspects of a single fundamental force?

3. What is the theory that describes the universe underwent an extremely rapid expansion during its earliest moments, smoothing out initial irregularities?

4. Imagine a particle accelerator smashing protons together at extremely high energies. Scientists are looking for evidence of a fundamental particle that gives other particles their mass. Which particle are they most likely trying to detect?

5. What does the famous equation E=mc2 primarily describe?

6. In a thought experiment, you are in a windowless elevator in space. You feel a constant force pushing you towards the floor, identical to Earth's gravity. According to Einstein's equivalence principle, what could also be happening to the elevator?

7. What is the hypothetical particle that is thought to mediate the gravitational force, although it has not yet been directly detected?

8. What term describes the increase in mass of an object as its speed approaches the speed of light, as predicted by Special Relativity?

9. What is the name for the hypothetical particles that mediate the weak nuclear force, responsible for radioactive decay?

10. What happens to the mass of an object as it approaches the speed of light?

11. Which of the following is considered a fundamental particle in the Standard Model and is a type of lepton that has very little mass and interacts weakly with other matter?

12. What is the effect where an object moving at relativistic speeds appears shorter in its direction of motion to a stationary observer?

13. Which of the following technologies is based on principles of quantum mechanics?

14. Imagine a powerful telescope detects very faint, uniform microwave radiation coming from all directions of space. Scientists interpret this as leftover energy from the early universe. What is this phenomenon known as?

15. According to the Standard Model of particle physics, what are the fundamental particles that make up protons and neutrons?

16. Which particle is responsible for giving mass to other particles according to the Standard Model?

17. Consider a hypothetical experiment where a high-energy gamma ray interacts with a strong electromagnetic field, spontaneously creating an electron and a positron (its antiparticle). What fundamental modern physics process is being demonstrated here?